Ph.D. students will be trained in he field of vaccine design including construction of vaccination antigens either wild type or chimeric based on protein, glycoprotein, or DNA/RNA; antigen modification for targeted induction of cytotoxic T cells, induction of tolerizing T cells, modification of allergen- or autoantigen-specific immune responses and induction of oral tolerance phenomenon; antigen or DNA/RNA modification for corpuscular vaccine formulation, utilizing various route of administration (systemic and mucosal) and evaluation of either systemic or mucosal immune responses in humoral and cellular arms as well as relevant intracellular signalling pathways.

The PhD in Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences trains ~350 postgraduate research students undertaking PhD, MD, and MPhil degrees in Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Experimental Medicine, Public Health, Medical Education, and Dentistry each year. Its diverse postgraduate student population comprises both basic and clinical scientists from across the globe engaged in wide-ranging research projects spanning the breadth of the School’s research portfolio from traditional population-based epidemiology to 'big data' science and bioinformatics, through molecular and cell biology to clinical trials.

The structure of the PhD in Basic Medical Sciences of the Medical Faculty is similar to those of most European and American universities. The doctoral (PhD) degree, as the highest qualification attainable at university, is confer- red by the University of Pécs on those who have given evidence of having acquired sufficient practical skills and theoretical knowledge to conduct scientific research independently.

The main objective of the Program is to contribute to the increase of both the number of researchers in endocrinology with a strong translational component, including both doctors and graduates in other biosanitary branches such as Biology, Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine, etc.

The doctoral study program Veterinary Public Health, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Toxicology is an academically focused study program, corresponding to the current state and level of science and the needs of practice in Europe. Graduates of the doctoral study Veterinary Public Health, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Toxicology gained in-depth theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired through independent creative activity and the acquisition of new scientific knowledge in the field of study. Graduates can actively share their knowledge in the field of study at the international level and publicly. Based on this qualification, graduates are mainly employed at research institutions and universities.

The subject of the study program within the concept of the complex biomedical fields is the issue of physical processes in a living organism, the influence of physical factors on living organisms, and the use of modern physical methods in biomedical fields. Biophysics, as an interdisciplinary field, offers doctoral (Ph.D.) study to university graduates of various specializations (medicine, natural sciences, mathematics, physics, etc.). The study program is carried out in collaboration with the Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.

Apply to study your PhD at the Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, which encompasses multidisciplinary research in the Centre of Pharmaceutical Engineering Science.

The Doctoral Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology is focused on the study of drug interactions with the organism in terms of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug toxicity. Students of this program extend the basic theoretical knowledge of pharmacology and toxicology and gain expertise in experimental work with state-of-the-art methodologies of molecular and cellular pharmacology and genetics - in vitro, in situ, ex vivo and in vivo. Depending on the specialization of the study, graduates are experts in various aspects of pharmacology, including mechanisms of drug effects, drug interactions, metabolism and excretion. The Study Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology is suitable not only for those interested in experimental research but also for those who wish to continue in clinical practice. The standard length of study is four years.

The program Human Physiology and Pathophysiology is focused on the study of functions of particular systems of the organism (blood, circulatory system, breathing, digestive, urinary, humoral, nervous systems) and their control, from the molecular level up to the study of mutual relations between particular systems under normal conditions and pathologic states. Equally important is the study of factors that can affect the mechanisms of development, plasticity, and adaptation to epigenetic and internal influences. The experimental and analytic approach of learning enables you to use the knowledge gained for the prevention, diagnostics, therapy, and rehabilitation of the human organism. The objective of the studies in the study program Human Physiology and Pathophysiology is training the students in such a way so that they will be capable of independent scientific work as necessary for an understanding of physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms that can be the cause of major clinical conditions. The program is carried out without any specialization.

The doctoral program of the Department of Periodontology at Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, offered by the Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, aims to train dentists who have been trained with contemporary and international opportunities, who prepare the most appropriate periodontological treatment plan for hard and soft dental tissue losses, who have advanced periodontology knowledge, and who keep up with current developments. The periodontology doctoral program prepares dentists to deliver advanced health services to society, as well as to plan and perform unique research.

History of medicine is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the history of medical science, history of particular specialties and their representatives, history of the medical profession and development of medical thought, history of training of health professionals, history of public health and health care facilities, incidence and alterations of disease entities as well as their treatment. At medical schools of universities in the world, the history of medicine has had a century-lasting tradition. The Institute for History of Medicine and Foreign Languages (thereinafter “Institute”) of Charles University – the First Faculty of Medicine, one of the first in Europe, has been active at the oldest medical faculty in Czechia since 1920. Studies in this program enable graduates of faculties of medicine and natural science as well as of various humanitarian fields to achieve the highest specialized education in this discipline. The Institute, which is the only in this specialty, is the central coordinating institution for the education of Ph.D. students of the history of medicine for other university schools in Prague and nationwide. According to article 3, paragraph 1, second sentence of the Code of Admission Procedure of Charles University, this program of study is offered without specialization.

The doctoral program in Translational Medicine trains researchers to bridge the gap between laboratory and clinical sciences, facilitating translational research. Objectives include understanding biological structures, applying diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and addressing ethical implications.

Students of the study program internal diseases must learn during the study the basic scientific principles: literature research preparation, the optimal choice of groups of patients or the experimental groups, get to know some diagnostic methods (laboratory, immunoanalytical, imaging). Work topics will include etiopathogenesis of the cardiovascular diseases, cancer diseases, endocrinology diseases, diagnostics and therapy of acute conditions in internal medicine, and the issues related to the vitally essential organs and function replacement. Study program without specialization.

A doctoral degree is a postgraduate qualification of at least 360 credits at NQF Level 10 and must demonstrate a high level of research capability and it must make a significant and original academic contribution at the knowledge frontiers of a discipline or field. The work must be of a quality to satisfy peer review consideration and merit publication. It requires a candidate to undertake research at the most advanced academic levels, requiring a high level of theoretical engagement and intellectual and research independence, culminating in the submission, assessment and acceptance of a thesis; as well as the submission of proof of acceptance of a first-author research article for publication issued by an accredited journal. The project should be sufficient to generate at least three research articles.

PhD by research via Distance Learning is awarded after successfully completing a theoretical research specialization. This research is presented in the form of a doctoral thesis. The PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) is the only doctoral degree that can be achieved through distance learning. The main requirement for a PhD online through distance learning is to present and discuss a thesis of at least 100 pages for review and evaluation by an academic committee at Selinus University. The thesis of this doctoral program should provide original information on microbiology and immunology for health professionals. To investigate emerging infectious diseases, microscopy, recombinant DNA technology, domains in microbial classification, infectious diseases, resistance to antibiotics, immunology and industrial uses of microbes. The thesis should focus on understanding the key clinical concepts of microbiology, virology and infections.